On the other hand, structural transformation, together with rising affluence and a growing population, will necessarily intensify environmental pressures because of the increasing demand for natural resources, including both material and energy inputs used in production, the expanding magnitude of waste and pollution, and the growing reliance on non-renewable resources. On the one hand, structural transformation is necessary for achieving substantial and broad-based improvements in human well-being. Third, a growing and urbanising population is intensifying challenges on creating meaningful job opportunities to address youth unemployment across the continent.Īfrican governments face a major dilemma. Second, it is imperative for Africa's leadership to ensure that Africans benefit from rapidly accelerating technological change with a view to empowering individuals and creating a larger middle class. First, visionary political leaders and policymakers are imperative to ensure and facilitate informed decision-making on challenges relating to matters such as continental economic integration, public debt management, the rise of China and a shift in global power, and climate change. I finally argue at least three matters are key to the future of the continent. These eight variables are: the empowerment and rise of the individual new and enabling technology continental demographics continental economic interconnectedness public debt in Africa global economic power shifts urbanisation and resource stress in African states and the effects of global climate change in Africa. In this regard, I review eight variables or indicators from the point of departure that these variables will be critical to the shaping of Africa's future up to 2030-in addition to the challenges brought on by the Covid-19 pandemic. The research question underlying this study relates to the prospects and challenges in managing Africa's future.
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